Tuesday, August 17, 2004

 

Expedition targets Georgia's only shipwrecked blockade runner "CSS Nashville"

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CSS Nashville
(later Thomas L. Bragg, CSS Rattlesnake) Commerce raider (1f/2m). L/B/D: 215.5 × 34.5 × 21.9 dph (65.7m × 10.5m × 6.7m). Tons: 1,221 tons. Hull: wood. Comp.: 40. Arm.: 2 × 12pdr. Mach.: side-lever engine, sidewheels. Built: Thomas Collyer, New York; 1853.

A 1221-ton side-wheel steamer, was originally a passenger steamer built at Greenpoint, New York, in 1853.

She was seized by the Confederacy at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1861 and converted to a lightly-armed cruiser.

Nashville made one combat cruise under the Confederate Navy flag, starting in October 1861. She captured and burned the sailing merchantman Harvey Birch in the English Channel on 19 November, and spent some time at Southampton, England. Returning to American waters early in 1862, she captured and burned the schooner Robert Gilfillan on 26 February.

Two days later, she ran the blockade into Beaufort, North Carolina, remaining there until mid-March, when she went to Georgetown, South Carolina.

Sold to private interests and renamed Thomas L. Wragg, she operated as a blockade runner, but was hindered in this employment by her deep draft. After arrival near Savannah, Georgia, she was sold again in November 1862, to become a privateer under the name Rattlesnake. On 28 February 1863, while still in the Savannah area, she was destroyed by the monitor USS Montauk.




RUSS BYNUM
Associated Press

http://www.macon.com/mld/macon/news/politics/9402508.htm

RICHMOND HILL, Ga. - Barely visible from the massive dirt mounds that shielded Fort McAllister from the guns of Union ironclads, four squarely spaced posts jut from the Ogeechee River along the salt marsh.
Signs warn passing boaters - "Submerged Object" - with no hint of the Civil War shipwreck that lies on the riverbed 30-feet below.

The CSS Nashville, the first ship commissioned by the Confederacy in 1861, sank off Fort McAllister near Savannah on Feb. 28, 1863, under fire from the ironclad USS Montauk.

The Nashville is the only Confederate blockade runner known to exist in Georgia waters. Though divers from 1960 to 1983 salvaged artifacts ranging from 10-foot engine rods to brass lanterns, the state this fall will start its first archaeological survey of the wreck with an eye toward preserving it.

"I've been trying to get this for 20 years," said Danny Brown, manager of Fort McAllister State Park. "She's been pilfered pretty much her entire underwater life. As for whatever's still in the wreck, historically and archaeologically speaking, she's still a treasure."

Built in 1853 as a passenger and mail carrier, the Nashville wasn't one of the Civil War's technological marvels on par with the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley or the iron-armored USS Monitor.

But the Nashville made history when the Confederacy commissioned the 1,221-ton steamer as its first warship in 1861 and it became the first vessel to fly the Confederate flag in international waters.

The Nashville was later reassigned as a privateer, a mercenary ship given license to raid enemy cargo vessels, and as a blockade runner that outran Union ships into Southern ports to deliver arms and export cotton.
In its less than two years of war service, the Nashville so frustrated the Union Navy that Rear Adm. Samuel Francis Du Pont, commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, declared it "a thorn in my flesh."
"Her escape ... would absolutely have shaken stocks in Wall Street," Du Pont wrote the day after the Nashville sank.

Last month, the Georgia Historic Preservation Division won a $39,996 grant from the National Park Service for an underwater survey of the Nashville and other war relics along nine miles of the Ogeechee River.

It will be the first major project for underwater archaeologist Jason Burns, who previously helped recover the Hunley in South Carolina, since he joined the Georgia Department of Natural Resources this year.

Using boats with high-tech gear such as side-scan sonar, which uses acoustic waves to capture detailed images of submerged objects, Burns hopes to get the most accurate picture of the Nashville's condition since the last divers saw it up close 21 years ago.

"It's never been archaeologically evaluated before," said Burns, who plans to begin work in the next two months. "We're not exactly sure what we're gonna find. How much impact did the salvage have on the shipwreck itself? Is the sand covering the wreck up, or is it completely exposed?"

Fort McAllister was built to protect a backdoor route to the Savannah port, and its earthen fortifications proved strong enough to hold off Union ironclads pursuing the Nashville in January 1863.

But the Nashville - by then renamed the Rattlesnake - ran aground while retreating from an attempt to run the Union blockade a month later. Cannon fire from the Montauk burned the Confederate ship to the waterline.
Judy Wood, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers archaeologist and maritime historian who has catalogued records of 1,100 shipwrecks in Georgia, says that if any deserve to be studied, it's the Nashville.

"We can conclusively say this is our one and only blockade runner. It probably is one of the most significant wrecks in Georgia," said Wood, who has researched shipwrecks in the state over 20 years.

One of the Nashville's most important features to naval historians is its side-levered steam engine - an innovation that kept the machinery used to turn the ship's paddle wheels lying horizontally within its hull. Other engines had parts extending vertically through a ship's deck - making them a vulnerable target for gunfire.

"There are very few steam engines from the Civil War period surviving anywhere in the world," said Kevin Foster, chief maritime historian for the National Park Service. "Of the side-levered engines from the Civil War period, the Nashville is the only one that I know of."

Burns said his six-month underwater survey will determine if more of the Nashville should be salvaged. Fort McAllister already has on display a number of pieces raised over the past four decades.

The state hired divers in 1960 to use dynamite to remove engine rods that posed a hazard to boats at low tide. A private expedition from 1978 to 1983 raised furnace doors, cannonballs, wrenches and other tools. Four years ago, a group of crabbers stumbled onto the ship's rudder.

Part of a 1,700-acre state park, Fort McAllister has had its dirt-mound fortifications, canons and ammunition magazines on public display for 40 years. But to Brown, the park manager, that's only half the story.
The rest remains beneath the Ogeechee River.

"The Union fleet never knew we were here until they chased the Nashville and bumped into us," Brown said. "So the Nashville and Fort McAllister are very much together in this."


Links:

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-mr/nashvill.htm - History and several paintings

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_063000_cssnashville.htm



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